Table 4.

Subgroup analyses: Effect sizes, confidence intervals, number of studies, effect sizes, and heterogeneity measures by intervention component in single component studies

Component (single)	Avg. ES	95% CI lower bound	95% CI upper bound	k	n	N	Adj. dfs	τ 2	I 2	Q
CAI	0.128	0.018	0.239	12	67	10,995	7.9	0.015	37.0	17.5
Coaching	−0.047	−0.878	0.783	3	4	2957	1.7	0.050	68.9	6.4
Incentives	0.046	−0.086	0.178	3	7	22,154	1.3	0.000	0.0	2.0
Medium‐group	0.091	−0.092	0.274	10	45	9219	7.4	0.044	61.0	23.1
Peer‐assisted	0.387	0.257	0.518	16	54	4208	12.6	0.023	19.8	18.7
Progress mon.	0.277	−3.085	3.638	2	4	90	1.0	0.000	0.0	1.0
Small‐group	0.375	0.304	0.446	85	538	51,445	76.7	0.084	70.6	285.4
Comprehension	0.205	−0.409	0.819	3	13	1504	1.7	0.021	23.6	2.6
Decoding	0.305	0.145	0.465	25	111	6653	22.9	0.148	66.5	71.6
Number sense	0.510	0.143	0.877	6	13	2296	4.5	0.110	82.1	27.9
Operations	0.165	−0.149	0.479	3	10	3653	1.7	0.049	54.5	4.4

Note: The number of studies contributing to the average effect size is denoted k, the number of effect sizes is denoted n, and the number of student observations is denoted N. N is calculated by taking the sample size for each effect size included in an estimation, which is equal to the number of students in the intervention and control group for which the effect size is calculated, and summing the sample sizes over effect sizes.

Abbreviations: CAI, computer‐assisted instruction; CI, confidence interval; ES, effect sizes.