Table 5.

Results from multiple meta‐regressions

	(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)
Moderator	Coef.	95% CI	Coef.	95% CI	Coef.	95% CI	Coef.	95% CI
CAI	0.10	[−0.02,0.21]	0.08	[−0.07, 0.23]	0.17	[−0.02, 0.36]	−0.14	[−0.28, 0.01]
Coaching	0.01	[−0.11,0.12]	−0.03	[−0.15, 0.09]	0.03	[−0.12, 0.17]	−0.23	[−0.40, −0.06]
Incentives	0.08	[−0.04,0.21]	0.09	[−0.06, 0.24]	0.06	[−0.08, 0.20]	0.07	[−0.08, 0.23]
Medium‐group	0.14	[−0.06,0.34]	0.18	[−0.10, 0.47]	0.28	[−0.07, 0.63]	−0.34	[−0.78, 0.11]
Other method	0.10	[−0.07,0.27]
Peer‐assisted	0.41	[0.24,0.59]	0.40	[0.13, 0.67]	0.42	[0.07, 0.76]	0.38	[0.12, 0.65]
Progress mon.	−0.12	[−0.22,‐0.01]	−0.09	[−0.20, 0.02]	−0.09	[−0.21, 0.03]	−0.07	[−0.27, 0.13]
Small‐group	0.36	[0.26,0.47]	0.34	[0.12, 0.56]	0.32	[0.07, 0.58]	0.24	[0.11, 0.37]
Comprehension	0.00	[−0.15,0.14]	0.04	[−0.10, 0.18]
Decoding	0.04	[−0.07,0.15]	0.01	[−0.11, 0.13]
Fluency	−0.06	[−0.20,0.08]	−0.07	[−0.20, 0.06]
Multiple reading	0.00	[−0.15,0.14]
Spelling/writing	0.11	[−0.02,0.23]	0.11	[0.00, 0.23]
Vocabulary	−0.08	[−0.19,0.03]	−0.07	[−0.19, 0.05]
Algebra	−0.13	[−0.27,0.02]	−0.16	[−0.31, −0.01]
Fractions	0.33	[0.01,0.65]	0.37	[0.06, 0.67]
Geometry	0.03	[−0.10,0.15]	0.04	[−0.15, 0.22]
Multiple math	−0.01	[−0.23,0.21]
Number sense	0.09	[−0.09,0.27]	−0.02	[−0.20, 0.16]
Operations	−0.08	[−0.26,0.10]	−0.10	[−0.27, 0.07]
Problem solving	0.05	[−0.07,0.17]	0.08	[−0.04, 0.19]
Gen. academic	−0.05	[−0.24,0.15]	−0.09	[−0.33, 0.15]
Meta‐cognitive	−0.05	[−0.20,0.10]	0.00	[−0.14, 0.13]
Social‐emotional	−0.07	[−0.38,0.25]	−0.07	[−0.39, 0.24]
QES			−0.04	[−0.22, 0.15]	0.04	[−0.14, 0.21]	0.03	[−0.40, 0.46]
General test			0.07	[−0.10, 0.25]	0.07	[−0.13, 0.26]	−0.03	[−0.19, 0.12]
Mean Grade			−0.03	[−0.06, −0.00]	−0.04	[−0.07, −0.02]	−0.01	[−0.05, 0.02]
Math			0.07	[−0.12, 0.26]
Constant			0.00	[−0.21, 0.20]	−0.03	[−0.31, 0.24]	0.19	[0.01, 0.37]
Effect sizes	1030		1030		829		199
Study clusters	189		189		138		64
N	206,186		206,186		132,046		74,608
Q	481.0		430.8		343.3		142.6
I 2	65.7		62.2		63.0		62.8
$\tau$ 2	0.063		0.053		0.051		0.047

Note: Coefficients from multiple meta‐regressions and 95% CIs (in brackets) are presented. Column 1 includes indicators for all components but no constant and no additional study characteristics. Column 2 adds a constant and the study characteristics without missing values, and excluded the indicators for other method, multiple reading, and multiple math to get a reference category. Columns 3 and 4 separate the analysis into effect sizes based on reading tests (column 3) and based on mathematics tests (column 4) and leave out all content domains. The number of studies contributing to the average effect size is denoted k, the number of effect sizes is denoted n, and the number of student observations is denoted N.

Abbreviations: CAI, computer‐assisted instruction; CI, confidence interval; ES, effect sizes.