Table 10.

Comparing the primary analysis with the study‐level analysis

	Primary analysis					Study‐level effect sizes
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
Analysis	ES	95% CI	Q	τ 2	I 2	ES	95% CI	Q	τ 2	I 2
Short‐term	0.30	[0.25, 0.34]	797.3	0.067	76.4	0.29	[0.24, 0.34]	617.6	0.053	72.1
Follow‐up	0.27	[0.17, 0.36]	47.8	0.031	45.6	0.25	[0.16, 0.34]	35.8	0.004	8.6
Peer‐assisted	0.39	[0.26, 0.52]	18.7	0.023	19.8	0.38	[0.24, 0.52]	11.5	0.000	0.00
Small‐group	0.38	[0.30, 0.45]	285.4	0.084	70.6	0.37	[0.30, 0.44]	205.9	0.051	59.3

Note: The short‐term and follow‐up results were reported in Section 5.3.1 of the main text, and the peer‐assisted and small‐group instruction results in Table 4. Columns 6–10 report estimates using study‐level average effect sizes and the REML option with the Knapp and Hartung adjustment of standard errors in the R package metafor to estimate weighted average effect sizes, confidence intervals (in brackets), and heterogeneity.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ES, effect sizes.