Methods	Randomized, placebo‐controlled, 2‐by‐2 factorial design trial was conducted in Zimbabwe
Participants	Inclusion criteria: Neither the mother nor the infant had an acutely life‐threatening condition, the infant was a singleton with a birth weight of >1500 g, and the mother planned to stay in the region after delivery
	Exclusion criteria: Either the mother and/or the infant had an acutely life‐threatening condition, the infant was not a singleton or had a birth weight of <1500 g, and the mother did not plan to stay in the region after delivery
	Total number randomized in the intervention group:
	–Aa: 3529 –Ap: 3529 –Pa: 3530
	Total number randomized in the control group: Pp: 3522
Interventions	Intervention:
	–Mothers received 400,000 IU vitamin A (as retinyl palmitate) and infants received 50,000 IU vitamin A (Aa group) –Mothers received 400,000 IU vitamin A and infants received placebo (Ap group) –Mothers received placebo and infants received 50,000 IU vitamin A (Pa group)
	Control: Both mothers and infants received placebo (Pp group)
	Common intervention given to all groups: Soy oil base with vitamin E as a preservative (50 IU per maternal capsule; 10 IU per infant capsule)
Outcomes	Primary outcome: Infant mortality
	Other outcomes: None
Notes