Methods	Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted in India
Participants	Inclusion criteria: Livebirths born in the study area
	Exclusion criteria: Died before screening, serious illness, and/or were admitted into the intensive care unit
	Total number randomized in the intervention group: 22,493
	Total number randomized in the control group: 22,491
Interventions	Intervention: 50,000 IU vitamin A plus vitamin E 9.5–12.6 IU
	Control: Placebo (vitamin E 9.5–12.6 IU)
	Common intervention given to all groups: Vitamin E 9.5–12.6 IU
Outcomes	Primary outcome: Infant mortality from supplementation to 6 months
	Other outcomes: Neonatal mortality, mortality between supplementation and 12 months of age, infant hospital admission one or more times due to any illness between supplementation and 6 months of age, potential adverse events in the 3‐day period following supplementation, and vitamin A status in a sub‐sample of infants at 2 weeks and 3 months of age
Notes