Methods	A randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial conducted in South Africa
Participants	Inclsuion criteria: "(i) HIV‐positive or HIV‐negative mothers who gave birth to a premature and VLBW baby at TBCH and consented to participate in the study; (ii) only breastfeeding mothers, regardless of their HIV status; and (iii) HIV‐positive mothers that were on the prevention of mother to child transmission treatment schedule. Babies were included if they (i) had a birth weight of 500 g and 1250 g; (ii) were either HIV‐exposed or HIV‐unexposed; and (iii) received breast milk (either from their mothers or donor breast milk)"
	Exclusion criteria: abnormalities such as gastroschisis, a large omphalocele or congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Interventions	Intervention: Probiotics: L. rhamnosus GG [0.35 ×10^9 colony‐forming units (CFU)] and B. infantis (0.35 ×109 CFU), 5 drops daily for 28 days
	Control: Placebo
Outcomes	Mortality and NEC
Notes	Data were taken from table 3. This was a multiple arm trial and we included the data for HIV exposed and HIV nonexposed separately