| Methods | Randomized placebo controlled two by two factorial trial conducted in Guinea‐Bissau |
| Participants | Inclusion criteria: Weight <2500 g at presentation |
| Exclusion criteria: Weight >2500 g at presentation | |
| Total number randomized to the intervention group: 864 | |
| Total number randomized to the control group: 872 | |
| Interventions | Intervention: 25,000 IU vitamin A intradermally |
| Control: 0.5 ml vegetable oil intradermally | |
| Common intervention given to all groups: 10 IU vitamin E intradermally | |
| Outcomes | Primary outcomes: Infant mortality |
| Other outcomes: Fever, septicaemia, malaria, malnutrition, and respiratory infections | |
| Notes |
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