Methods	A double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial conducted in India
Participants	Inclusion criteria: "Preterm neonates <34 weeks admitted to the NICU"
	Exclusion criteria:
	"i. Extramural preterm neonates >10 day age with clinical or lab marker of sepsis
	ii. Preterm babies with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or an intestinal surgical anomaly
	iii. Preterm babies with a lethal congenital anomaly, dysmorphism or aneuploidy"
Interventions	Intervention: "Bacillus clausii containing 2×109 spores in 5 ml minibottle in a dose of 2 ml per‐oral every 8 h mixed with the enteral feeds through orogastric tube or oral feeds, giving them 2.4×109 spores per day. Probiotic supplementation was continued till postnatal age of 6 weeks, or till discharge or death or occurrence of LOS, whichever was earlier for babies in both"
	Control: "Babies in the placebo group received sterile water, 2 ml per‐oral every 8 h mixed with feeds"
Outcomes	Mortality, sepsis, NEC
Notes	Data were taken from table 3 and 4. We combined the numbers for very preterm and extreme preterm babies