Methods	A randomized, double‐masked trial conducted in Nepal
Participants	Inclusion criteria: Infants 5 months of age or younger
	Exclusion criteria: Infants >5 months of age
	Total number randomized in the intervention group: 5832
	Total number randomized in the control group: 6086
Interventions	Intervention:
	–15,000 RE (50,000 IU) vitamin A administered orally in approximately 3 drops of oil for neonates (<1 month old) –30,000 RE (100,000 IU) vitamin A administered orally in approximately 6 drops of oil for infants ages 1–5 months old
	Control:
	–75 RE (250 IU) administered orally for neonates (<1 month old) –150 RE (500 IU) administered orally for infants ages 1–5 months old
	Common intervention given to all groups: Approximately 3.3 IU vitamin E per drop of oil
Outcomes	Primary outcome: Infant mortality, all‐cause mortality
	Other outcomes: Malnutrition, ALRI, diarrhea or dysentery, whooping cough, meningitis, sudden death
Notes	All analyses were completed on an intent‐to‐treat basis