Table 2.

Examples of nonvalidated measures of cognitive radicalization

Measure	Assessment	Usage
Some people think that suicide bombing and other forms of violence against civilian targets are justified in order to defend Islam from its enemies. Other people believe that, no matter what the reason, this kind of violence is never justified. Do you personally feel that this kind of violence is often justified to defend Islam, sometimes justified, rarely justified, or never justified?	Four‐point scale: 1 = often, 4 = never	PEW report (see McCauley, 2012; Victoroff, Adelman, & Matthews, 2012)
What is your attitude towards the murder of Theo van Gogh, in November 2004?	Five‐point scale: 1 = very negative, 5 = very positive	Doosje, Loseman, and Van Den Bos (2013)
Some people said that the July (7/7) bombings were justified because of British support for the US war on terror. Do you agree?	Four‐point scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	Tausch, Spears, and Christ (2009)