Table 4.

Domains and definitions of human well‐being outcomes

Domain	Definition
Income and household expenditure	Total household income and expenditure, farm and nonfarm income, employment, employment opportunities, wealth, poverty, savings, payments, loans
Housing and material assets	Shelter, assets owned, access and availability of fuel and basic infrastructure (electricity, water, telecommunications, and transportation)
Food security and nutrition	Physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO). Usually measured using food consumption, expenditure, prevalence of undernourishment, and nutritional status
Health	Physical health, longevity/life expectancy, maternal health, child health, access to health care, occurrence of diseases, mental health
Cultural and subjective well‐being	Measures of happiness, quality of life, cultural, societal, and traditional values of nature, sense of home, cultural identity, and heritage, spiritual or religious beliefs and/or values
Other	For example informal education (i.e., transfer of knowledge and skills), social relations (i.e., interactions between individuals and within and/or between groups), governance (i.e., structures and processes for decision making including both formal and informal rules), land and resource security, freedom of choice and action (i.e., ability to pursue what one values doing and being), adaptive capacity and resilience (i.e., ability to cope with perturbations and take advantage of new opportunities due to social and environmental change, especially climate impacts)

Note: Human well‐being domains and definitions adapted from McKinnon et al. (2016).

Abbreviation: FAO, Food Agriculture Organization.