. 2019 Dec 23;16(1):e1066. doi: 10.1002/cl2.1066

Table A1.

Search terms by intervention and outcomes

Category	Terms
Practices	(“agroforest” OR “agriforest” OR “agro‐forest” OR agrosilvicultur OR agrisilvicultur* OR “improved fallow” OR “shade tree” OR “rotational tree fallow” OR parkland OR “multipurpose tree” OR “tree garden” OR “forest garden” OR “alley cropping” OR intercropping OR “shifting cultivation” OR shelterbelt* OR “natural vegetation strip” OR “wind break” OR “sloping agricultural land technology” OR “hedgerows” OR “hedge cropping” OR silvopastoral* OR silvipastoral* OR “fodder tree” OR “living fence” OR “integrated animal and wood production” OR “trees on pasture” OR agrosilvopastoral* OR “integrated production of animals, crops and wood” OR “tree‐crop‐livestock” OR “apiculture with trees” OR entomoforestry OR “aqua‐silvo‐fisher” OR “multi‐purpose tree lot” OR “tree* on farms” OR “orchard” OR “on‐farm tree” OR “woody hedgerows” OR “wooded pastures produce” OR “fertilier trees” OR “shade species” OR “shade‐grown” OR “alternative agriculture” OR “tree‐based system” OR “tree fallow” OR “planted fallow” OR woodlot OR “boundary planting” OR “mixed trees and crops” OR “conservation agriculture with trees” OR “farmer managed natural regeneration” OR homegarden OR “fodder shrub*” OR “multi‐strata systems” OR “nitrogen fixing trees”)
Study designs	AND (“impact” OR “outcome” OR “result” OR “effect” OR “intervention” OR “evaluation” OR “assessment” OR “effectiveness” OR “cost‐benefit” OR “cost benefit” OR “efficacy” OR “systematic review” OR “field trial” OR “observational stud” OR “trial” OR “random control* trial” OR “random trial” OR RCT OR “propensity score matching” OR PSM OR “regression discontinuity design” OR RDD OR “difference in difference” OR matching OR (random* adj3 allocat) OR “instrumental variable” OR IV OR evaluation OR assessment OR “comparison group” OR counterfactual OR “counter factual” OR counter‐factual OR quasi‐experimental OR quasiexperimental OR ((quantitative or experiment*) adj3 (design OR study OR analysis)))

Category

Terms

Practices

(“agroforest*” OR “agriforest*” OR “agro‐forest*” OR agrosilvicultur* OR agrisilvicultur* OR “improved fallow*” OR “shade tree*” OR “rotational tree fallow*” OR parkland* OR “multipurpose tree*” OR “tree garden*” OR “forest garden” OR “alley cropping” OR intercropping OR “shifting cultivation” OR shelterbelt* OR “natural vegetation strip*” OR “wind break*” OR “sloping agricultural land technology” OR “hedgerows” OR “hedge cropping” OR silvopastoral* OR silvipastoral* OR “fodder tree*” OR “living fence*” OR “integrated animal and wood production” OR “trees on pasture” OR agrosilvopastoral* OR “integrated production of animals, crops and wood” OR “tree‐crop‐livestock” OR “apiculture with trees” OR entomoforestry OR “aqua‐silvo‐fisher*” OR “multi‐purpose tree lot*” OR “tree* on farms” OR “orchard” OR “on‐farm tree*” OR “woody hedgerows” OR “wooded pastures produce” OR “fertili*er trees” OR “shade species” OR “shade‐grown” OR “alternative agriculture” OR “tree‐based system*” OR “tree fallow*” OR “planted fallow*” OR woodlot* OR “boundary planting” OR “mixed trees and crops” OR “conservation agriculture with trees” OR “farmer managed natural regeneration” OR homegarden OR “fodder shrub*” OR “multi‐strata systems” OR “nitrogen fixing trees”)

Study designs

AND

(“impact” OR “outcome” OR “result” OR “effect*” OR “intervention” OR “evaluation” OR “assessment” OR “*effectiveness” OR “cost‐benefit” OR “cost benefit” OR “efficacy” OR “systematic review” OR “field trial” OR “observational stud*” OR “trial” OR “random* control* trial*” OR “random* trial*” OR RCT OR “propensity score matching” OR PSM OR “regression discontinuity design” OR RDD OR “difference in difference*” OR matching OR (random* adj3 allocat*) OR “instrumental variable*” OR IV OR evaluation OR assessment OR “comparison group” OR counterfactual OR “counter factual” OR counter‐factual OR quasi‐experimental OR quasiexperimental OR ((quantitative or experiment*) adj3 (design OR study OR analysis)))