Table 5.
Overall mean percent change by construct and associated statistics
| 95% CI | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Construct | Mean % change | Lower | Upper | k | z | p(z) | Q | p(Q) | τ |
| Use of force | −6.8 | −19.5 | 7.9 | 26 | −0.941 | .347 | 82.822 | .000 | 0.303 |
| Complaints against officer | −16.6 | −30.0 | −0.7 | 22 | −2.033 | .042 | 26.109 | .202 | 0.200 |
| Assault on officer/officer injuries/resistance | 15.9 | −4.9 | 41.3 | 15 | 1.464 | .143 | 15.071 | .373 | 0.133 |
| Arrests | −3.9 | −12.7 | 5.8 | 13 | −0.813 | .416 | 159.762 | .000 | 0.146 |
| Officer‐initiated CFS | 3.8 | −5.2 | 13.5 | 8 | 0.803 | .422 | 17.320 | .015 | 0.097 |
| Dispatched calls for service | 2.6 | −3.0 | 8.6 | 6 | 0.907 | .365 | 322.632 | .000 | 0.054 |
| Traffic stops or traffic tickets | −5.0 | −33.1 | 34.8 | 5 | −0.289 | .772 | 362.696 | .000 | 0.372 |
| Field interviews or stop and frisk | −12.0 | −37.5 | 24.0 | 4 | −0.729 | .466 | 20.943 | .000 | 0.330 |
| Incident reports | −8.0 | −21.7 | 8.0 | 3 | −1.018 | .309 | 46.710 | .000 | 0.127 |
| Response time | −0.2 | −1.7 | 1.3 | 3 | −0.238 | .812 | 0.697 | .706 | 0.000 |
| Non‐traffic citations | 6.4 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 2 | 19.031 | .000 | 0.382 | .536 | 0.000 |
| Time on scene | −4.6 | −12.0 | 3.4 | 1 | −1.149 | .251 | |||
Note: CI = confidence interval; k = number of effect sizes; z = z‐test; p(z) = p‐value for z‐test; Q = homogeneity statistic; p(Q) = p‐value for homogeneity statistic; τ = square‐root of the random effects variance component.