Table 8.
Mean percent change by design (RCTs vs. quasi‐experiments) and construct
| 95% CI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Construct | Design | k | Mean % change | Lower | Upper | Q Between | p (Q Between) |
| Arrests | QE | 6 | −13.5 | −24.0 | −1.5 | 3.889 | .049 |
| RCT | 7 | 2.4 | −7.9 | 13.8 | |||
| Complaints against officer | QE | 7 | −10.8 | −35.2 | 22.9 | 0.261 | .609 |
| RCT | 15 | −19.3 | −34.8 | 0.0 | |||
| Dispatched calls for service | QE | 3 | 9.3 | 5.4 | 13.4 | 12.974 | .000 |
| RCT | 3 | −0.6 | −4.2 | 3.1 | |||
| Incident reports | QE | 1 | −19.6 | −24.5 | −14.4 | 46.705 | .000 |
| RCT | 2 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.1 | |||
| Officer‐initiated calls for service | QE | 3 | 34.1 | 13.3 | 58.8 | 11.577 | .001 |
| RCT | 5 | 0.1 | −0.1 | 0.2 | |||
| Assault on officer/officer injuries/resistance | QE | 3 | 4.7 | −61.5 | 184.9 | 0.040 | .841 |
| RCT | 12 | 16.3 | −5.3 | 42.8 | |||
| Response time | QE | 1 | −0.5 | −2.4 | 1.4 | 0.253 | .615 |
| RCT | 2 | 0.3 | −2.1 | 2.7 | |||
| Field interviews or stop and frisk | QE | 1 | −50.4 | −66.2 | −27.2 | 11.679 | .001 |
| RCT | 3 | 1.0 | −12.0 | 15.9 | |||
| Traffic stops or traffic tickets | QE | 3 | −11.3 | −45.1 | 43.2 | 0.275 | .600 |
| RCT | 2 | 10.7 | −43.9 | 118.4 | |||
| Use of force | QE | 7 | −3.1 | −28.5 | 31.4 | 0.091 | .764 |
| RCT | 19 | −8.1 | −22.8 | 9.3 | |||
Note: k = number of effect sizes; Q Between is the test of the difference between the means with associated significance value p(Q Between).
Abbreviations: QE, quasi‐experimental study; RCT, randomized controlled trial.