Table 1.

Overview of main medical public database

Database	Range	Location	Founded year	Cost	URL	References
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)	Tumor	USA	1973	Partially free	https://seer.cancer.gov/	[11]
Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)	Intensive medical	USA	2001	Free	https://mimic.physionet.org/	[12]
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)	Children and adults health	USA	1999	Free	https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/	[13]
Global Burden of Disease (GBD)	Epidemic trends and burden of disease	Global	1988	Free	http://ghdx.healthdata.org/	[14]
UK Biobank (UKB)	Health-related genetic data and phenotypic data	UK	2006	Partially free	https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/	[15]
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)	Cancer genomics	USA	2006	Free	http://cancergenome.nih.gov/	[16]
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)	Sequencing and gene expression	USA	2000	Free	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/	[17]
International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)	Cancer genomics	Global	2008	Free	https://dcc.icgc.org/	[18]
China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB)	Chronic diseases	China	2004	Partially free	https://www.ckbiobank.org/site/	[19]
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)	Environmental chemicals and human health	USA	2004	Free	http://ctdbase.org/	[20]
Paediatric Intensive Care (PIC)	Paediatric Intensive	China	2010	Free	http://pic.nbscn.org/	[21]
Biologic Specimen and Data Repositories Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC)	Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological	USA	2009	Free	https://biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov/	[22]
China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)	Health and nutrition	China	1989	Partially free	http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china	[23]
China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)	Ageing and health	China	2011	Free	http://charls.pku.edu.cn/	[24]
eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD)	Intensive medical	USA	2018	Free	https://eicu-crd.mit.edu/	[25]
Health and Retirement Study (HRS)	Aging health and social support	Global	1992	Free	https://hrs.isr.umich.edu/	[26]