Table 2.

Primary composite outcome and individual subcomponents during the initial 48 h and total in-hospital length of stay

End point	Early outcomes (48 h)						In-hospital outcomes
	Beta-blocker (n = 93)	No beta-blocker (n = 99)	Crude RR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted RRa (95% CI)	P value	Beta-blocker (n = 93)	No beta-blocker (n = 99)	Crude RR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted RRa (95% CI)	P value
Primary composite outcomeb	24 (26%)	32 (32%)	0.80 (0.51–1.25)	0.32	0.94 (0.59–1.50)	0.80	47 (51%)	52 (53%)	0.96 (0.73–1.27)	0.78	1.14 (0.85–1.53)	0.38
All-cause mortality	7 (8%)	18 (18%)	0.41 (0.18–0.95)	0.03	–	–	34 (37%)	42 (42%)	0.86 (0.61–1.23)	0.41	1.05 (0.70–1.58)	0.81
Resuscitated cardiac arrest or death	8 (8%)	22 (22%)	0.39 (0.18–0.83)	0.01	–	–	35 (38%)	46 (46%)	0.81 (0.58–1.13)	0.22	0.93 (0.63–1.37)	0.72
Mechanical circulatory support or cardiac transplant	9 (10%)	8 (8%)	1.20 (0.48–2.97)	0.70	–	–	14 (15%)	11 (11%)	1.35 (0.65–2.83)	0.42	1.66 (0.77–3.59)	0.20
Non-fatal myocardial infarction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–	–	–	–	0 (0%)	1 (1%)	–	1.00c	–	–
Transient ischemic attack or stroke	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–	–	–	–	0 (0%)	3 (3%)	–	0.25c	–	–
Initiation of renal replacement therapy	13 (14%)	11 (11%)	1.26 (0.59–2.67)	0.55	–	–	22 (24%)	15 (15%)	1.56 (0.86–2.82)	0.14	1.73 (0.93–3.20)	0.08

CI confidence interval, RR relative risk

^aAdjusted for age, sex, beta-blocker use, inotrope (dobutamine vs. milrinone), and history of atrial fibrillation; relative risk presented is for β(beta-blocker). Due to low event rates in the early resuscitation period, the adjusted relative risk was presented only for the primary composite outcome

^bPrimary composite outcome defined as all-cause mortality, resuscitated cardiac arrest, need for mechanical circulatory support or cardiac transplant, non-fatal myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack or stroke, or initiation of renal replacement therapy

^cP value for Fisher exact test