Table 3.
Secondary safety outcomes
| End point | Beta-blocker (n = 93) | No beta-blocker (n = 99) | Crude RR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted RRa (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac intensive care unit length of stay greater than or equal to 7 days | 31 (33%) | 42 (42%) | 0.79 (0.54–1.13) | 0.19 | 0.71 (0.48–1.03) | 0.07 |
| Acute kidney injuryb | 86 (96%) | 85 (88%) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 0.051 | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 0.47 |
| Arrhythmia requiring medical team interventionc | 51 (55%) | 41 (41%) | 1.32 (0.98–1.78) | 0.06 | 1.21 (0.89–1.65) | 0.23 |
| Atrial arrhythmia requiring medical team intervention | 47 (51%) | 32 (32%) | 1.56 (1.10–2.22) | 0.01 | 1.33 (0.92–1.91) | 0.13 |
| Ventricular arrhythmiad | 11 (12%) | 20 (20%) | 0.59 (0.30–1.15) | 0.12 | 0.59 (0.29–1.21) | 0.15 |
| Need for oral or intravenous anti-arrhythmic therapy | 48 (52%) | 36 (36%) | 1.42 (1.02–1.97) | 0.03 | 1.30 (0.92–1.85) | 0.14 |
| Need for uptitration or addition of vasopressor therapy | 91 (98%) | 96 (97%) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.70 | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.84 |
aAdjusted for age, sex, beta-blocker use, inotrope (dobutamine vs. milrinone), and history of atrial fibrillation; relative risk presented is for β(beta-blocker)
bPatients with a history of renal replacement therapy prior to randomization were excluded from analysis
cDefined as electrical/chemical cardioversion or any intravenous anti-arrhythmia medication administration
dDefined as monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia greater than 30 s, or hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmia requiring intervention, or ventricular fibrillation