Alderden et al. (2011) |
Gang Hot Spots Policing in Chicago—The Deployment Operations Center |
Chicago, IL |
Target area too large |
Andresen (2015) |
Increased Foot Patrol in Lower Lonsdale |
Lower Lonsdale, British Columbia |
No comparison area |
Andresen and Lau (2014) |
Increased Foot Patrol in Lower Lonsdale |
Lower Lonsdale, British Columbia |
No comparison area |
Andresen and Malleson (2014) |
Increased Foot Patrol in Lower Lonsdale |
Lower Lonsdale, British Columbia |
No comparison area |
Barthe and Stitt (2011) |
Increased Police Presence in a Non‐Criminogenic Area |
Reno, NV |
Target area too large |
Bynum et al. (2014) |
Project Safe Neighborhoods in Detroit |
Detroit, MI |
No hot spots policing component |
Corsaro et al. (2012) |
Crash Analysis Reduction Strategy |
Cincinnati, OH |
Target area too large |
Crank et al. (2010) |
Omaha Metro Safety Initiative |
Omaha, NE |
No comparison area |
Frogner et al. (2013) |
§ Project in Sweden |
Orebro, Sweden |
No comparison area |
Gorr and Lee (2015) |
Policing Hot Spots via the Early Warning System |
Pittsburgh, PA |
Study was a simulation and did not assess an actual intervention |
Guseynov (2010) |
CSTAR Projects in Kansas City |
Kansas City, MO |
Target area too large |
Hall and Puls (2010) |
DDACTS in Baltimore County |
Baltimore County, MD |
Target area too large |
Heaton et al. (2016) |
Expanded Private University Police Patrol in Chicago |
Chicago, IL |
No hot spots policing component |
Target area too large |
Hoover et al. (2016) |
Houston Enhanced Action Patrol |
Houston, TX |
Target area too large |
No separate comparison area |
Hunt et al. (2014) |
Shreveport Predictive Policing Experiment |
Shreveport, LA |
Control group did not receive “business as usual” policing |
Jang et al. (2012) |
Hot Spots Policing with Dallas PD's Disruption Unit |
Dallas, TX |
No control area |
Kim et al. (2016) |
Symbolic SWAT Raids in Buffalo |
Buffalo, NY |
Target area too large |
No follow‐up enforcement activity |
Klick and Tabarrok (2005) |
Terror Alerts as Shocks to Police Presence |
Washington, DC |
No comparison area |
MacDonald et al. (2016) |
Expanded Private University Patrol in Philadelphia |
Philadelphia, PA |
No hot spots policing component |
Target area too large |
Maskaly (2009) |
Drug Crackdown by Reno PD's Street Enforcement Team |
Reno, NV |
Evaluation did not analyze the target area |
No comparison area |
McClure et al. (2014) |
DDACTS in Multiple Sites |
15 sites, US |
No outcome evaluation |
McLean et al. (2010) |
Operation Safe Corridor |
Ashton, England |
Target area too large |
Melenka (2016) |
Increased Foot Patrol in Lower Lonsdale |
Lower Lonsdale, British Columbia |
Target area too large |
Mohler et al. (2015) |
Randomized Controlled Field Trials of Predictive Policing |
UK and US |
Control group did not receive “business as usual” policing |
Papazian (2013) |
HALO Camera Surveillance System in Denver |
Denver, CO |
No added patrol or dedicated viewer |
Piza et al. (2014) |
Increased CCTV in Newark |
Newark, NJ |
No hot spots policing component |
Ratcliffe et al. (2017) |
Operation Thumbs Down |
Los Angeles, CA |
Target area too large |
Silverii (2010) |
DDACTS in Lafourche Parish |
Lafourche Parish, LA |
Target area too large |
Wells and Wu (2011) |
Proactive Policing by Houston PD's Crime Reduction Unit |
Houston, TX |
No control group without police activity |
Wells et al. (2012) |
Proactive Policing by Houston PD's Crime Reduction Unit |
Houston, TX |
No control group without police activity |
Worrall (2016) |
Smart Policing Initiative in Frisco |
Frisco, TX |
No control group without police activity |
Williams and Chernoff (2013) |
Initiative: Laser Point |
Manhattan, KS |
All hot spots received treatment and the comparison group was crime in the previous year |