TABLE 5.

Summary of clinical efficacy of baricitinib. Stebbing et al., 2020a, No controls, 4 patients; Bronte et al., 2020, with hydroxychloroquine, 8 mg/day baricitinib for 2 days, followed by 4 mg/day for 7 days, consecutive patients admitted with COVID; Titanji et al., 2020, no controls, 2–4 mg baricitinib 5–7 days with hydroxy-chloroquine, 15 moderate-critical patients; Cantini et al., 2020, moderate patients with lopinavir/ritonavir, 88% of those on baricitinib recovered after 14 days (control 14%); Stebbing et al., 2021 propensity matched patients, with antiviral medications including lopinavir/ritonavir; Kalil et al., 2021: Patients requiring high flow oxygen or non-invasive ventilation (ordinal groups 5 and 6), mortality at day 28, with remdesivir, median time to recovery 10 days (control 18 days). Marconi et al., 2021: 38% reduction in mortality at day 28, with standard of care. IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation.

	Mortality/IMV n (%)		Patient numbers
Observational studies	Control	Baricitinib	Control	Baricitinib
Stebbing et al. (2020b)	—	0	—	4
Bronte et al., 2020	25	1	20	20
Titanji et al. (2020)	—	4	—	15
Cantini et al., 2020	7	0	78	78
Propensity matched trials
Stebbing et al. (2021)	13	5	37	37
Stebbing et al. (2021)	16	9	46	46
Randomised trial
Kalil et al. (2021)	25	12	356	341
Marconi et al. (2021)	100	62	761	764