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. 2021 Mar;21(1):362–372. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.46

Table 1.

Results of descriptive summary for risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia based on EDHS, 2016

Variable Categories Underweight Person chi
square(p-value)

Normal
(%)
Moderately
underweight
(%)
Severely
underweight
(%)
Total
count
Region Tigray 76.67 18.45 4.88 943 298.05
Afar 61.11 21.87 17.02 846 (<0.001)
Amhara 71.14 20.69 8.17 894
Oromia 77.55 17.79 6.66 1381
Somali 73.25 17.61 9.15 1170
Benishangul 65.62 22.37 12.01 733
SNNPR 78.59 14.90 6.51 1121
Gambela 80.29 13.08 6.63 558
Harari 80.17 14.16 5.66 459
Addis Ababa 95.52 4.23 0.25 402
Dire Dawa 73.36 17.99 8.64 428
Residence Urban 86.17 10.16 3.67 1634 140.04
Rural 72.21 18.70 9.09 7301 (<0.001)
Mother
education
No education 70.10 19.75 10.15 5695 221.04
Primary 80.27 14.38 5.35 2316 (<0.001)
Secondary &higher 89.72 7.90 2.38 924
Toilet No 69.04 20.21 10.75 3999 134.22
Yes 79.40 14.65 5.96 4936 (<0.001)
Religion Orthodox 78.52 16.16 5.31 2710 75.62
Muslim 71.39 18.32 10.28 4415 (<0.001)
Other 77.35 15.69 6.96 1810
Wealth index Poor 68.03 20.48 11.49 4776 321.63
Middle 75.62 18.09 6.29 1288 (<0.001)
Rich 85.58 11.15 3.27 2871
marital status Married 74.75 17.14 8.10 8366 0.004
Single 74.87 17.05 8.08 569 (0.998)
Mother
occupation
No work 74.11 17.11 8.78 5249 7.98
Had work 75.69 17.17 7.14 3686 (0.018)
Birth order First 79.83 14.22 5.95 1765 63.68
2–3 76.95 16.07 6.97 2868 (<0.001)
4 & above 71.22 19.04 9.74 7302
Birth type Single 75.03 17.06 7.91 8733 22.09
Multiple 63.37 20.30 16.34 202 (<0.001)
Sex child Male 73.56 17.97 8.47 4568 7.22
Female 76.02 16.26 7.72 4367 (0.027)
Birth size Small 67.01 20.86 12.13 2498 142.53
Average 75.88 16.99 7.14 3768 (<0.001)
Large 80.44 13.86 5.70 2668
Diarrhea No 75.28 16.93 7.78 7901 12.64
Yes 70.79 18.67 10.54 1034 (0.002)
Fever No 75.28 16.71 8.01 7654 8.12
Yes 71.66 19.67 8.67 1281 (0.017)
Cough No 74.86 17.10 8.05 7445 0.27
Yes 74.30 17.32 8.39 1490 (0.875)
Number of
house hold
member
4 & less 77.90 15.41 6.69 2421 21.34
5–6 74.50 16.95 8.54 3079 (<0.001)
7 and above 72.78 18.52 8.70 3435
Body mass
index
Thin 65.31 22.37 12.32 2110 205.95
Normal 76.07 16.53 7.40 5983 (<0.001)
Overweight 89.19 8.31 2.49 842
Age child Less than 6 88.27 7.07 4.66 1202 210.25
6–11 83.27 10.85 5.88 765 (<0.001)
12–23 74.32 16.75 8.93 1803
24–35 70.56 19.22 10.22 1722
36–47 70.87 20.57 8.55 1672
48–59 70.13 21.80 8.07 1771
Mother age at
1st birth
18 & less 72.79 18.60 8.61 4436 18.39
>18 76.71 15.69 7.60 4499 (<0.001)
Duration of
breast feeding
Ever breast 72.17 19.35 8.47 4614 42.33
Never breast 72.84 18.81 8.36 335 (<0.001)
Still breast 77.92 14.43 7.65 3986
Source of water Not improved 72.06 18.48 9.46 3561 25.55
Improved 76.55 16.24 7.20 5374 (<0.001)