Figure 4.

Nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo targeting of peripheral organs following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI mice were systemically administrated fluorescent NPs. A) NPs groups demonstrated significantly higher peripheral organ targeting 24 h after TBI and NPs administration compared to sham mice as verified B) in vivo and ex vivo using in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Interestingly, statistically significant higher levels of NPs accumulation were observed in the filtering organs (e.g., spleens, kidneys, and livers) of TBI mice. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. Two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to determine statistical probabilities. *p ≤ 0.05, ^** p ≤ 0.01, ^*** p ≤ 0.001, n = 5 (TBI), n = 3 (Sham).