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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine J. 2021 Mar 5;21(7):1205–1216. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.03.002

Figure 3. pSMAD1/5/8 expression was significantly upregulated in human degenerated discs.

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

(a) Staining revealed positive cell cluster formation in the degenerative specimens for pSMAD1/5/8. (b) pSMAD1/5/8 expression was significantly upregulated in the degenerative discs as compared to the control specimens.