Table 3.

predictors of bullying perpetration among in-school adolescent in Sokoto metropolis, 2019 (n = 390)

Variables	cOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Age group (10-14 years vs 15-19 years†)	0.61 (0.28 -1.00)	0.74 (0.40 - 1.39)
Gender (Male vs Female†)	2.53 (2.09 - 5.98)	2.70 (1.43 - 5.10)*
Religion (Christian vs Muslim†)	1.89 (1.46 - 5.70)	1.38 (0.42 - 4.53)
Ethnic group (Hausa/Fulani vs Yoruba/Ibo	0.36 (0.21 - 0.63)	0.43 (0.15 - 1.25)
Family type (Monogamous vs Polygamous†)	0.36 (0.21 - 0.63)	1.02 (0.28 - 3.74)
School type (Public vs Private†)	2.44 (1.49 - 4.00)	0.77 (0.38 - 1.55)
Accommodation status (Boarding vs day†)	6.25 (3.19 - 12.26)	7.93 (2.91 - 21.58)*
Often experience parents quarrel or fight (Yes vs No†)	5.17 (2.30 - 11.62)	5.23 (2.15 - 12.71)*
Parents monitor where about and friends (Yes vs No†)	3.80 (0.75 - 19.19)**	4.72 (0.59 - 37.86)
Enjoy being together with peers (Yes vs No†)	0.35 (0.10 - 1.16) **	1.71 (0.35 - 8.27)
Friends influence decisions (Yes vs No†)	0.31 (0.14 - 0.69)	0.77 (0.28 - 2.13)
Accepted by peers (Yes vs No†)	0.14 (0.02 - 1.03)	0.22 (0.03 - 1.93)
Feel left out of things with peers (Yes vs No†)	0.60 (0.35 - 1.03)	0.75 (0.38 - 1.47)
Have more than three close friends in school (Yes vs No†)	0.21 (0.03 - 1.59)**	0.26 (0.03 - 2.37)
Feel safe in school (Yes vs No†)	0.29 (0.14 - 0.63)	1.98 (0.68 - 5.73)

† = Reference group aOR = adjusted Odds ratio CI =Confidence Interval cOR = Crude Odds ratio*=Significant at p <0.05**Significant at p < 0.10