Z‐Score comparisons of effective connectivity subnetworks. The Z‐scores of significant connections in subnetworks within, out, in, and outside relative to MTR are pooled over each patient group [focal epileptogenic MTR (n = 4), multifocal epileptogenic MTR (n = 9), non‐epileptogenic MTR (n = 5)] and compared using grouped Kruskal‐Wallis tests for effects of connection type and patient group, followed by post hoc Dunn's tests for pairwise comparisons. (a) Analysis using singular MTR ipsilateral to seizure onset zone across all patients (n = 18) showing comparisons across connection type and across patient group. (b) Analysis using MTR ipsilateral and contralateral to seizure onset zone in bilaterally stimulated patients (n = 10) showing comparisons across connection type and across patient group. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. MTR, mesial temporal region