FIGURE 1.

Inflated correlation, Corr $\left(A,{\widehat{A}}^M\right)$, is a function of the true correlation, Corr$\left(A,\widehat{A}\right)$. The inflated correlation is the correlation between age and the modified predicted age. The true correlation is the correlation between age and predicted age. To illustrate that the series of transformations that researchers perform is equivalent to Equation (8), correlations using both are plotted. r _func is using Equation (8), and r _trans is using the series of transformations. The identity line is displayed for ease of comparing the axes