Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of people with and without cognitive resilience to AD pathology
| Intermediate or high AD pathology | High AD pathology only | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not resilient N (%‡) N=208* |
Cognitively Resilient N (%‡) N=68† |
p-value (chi2) | Not resilient N (%‡) N=113** |
Cognitively Resilient N (%‡) N=23†† |
p-value (chi2) | |
| ACT cohort: | ||||||
| Original | 139 (66.8) | 47 (69.1) | 0.48 | 74 (65.5) | 14 (60.9) | 0.22 |
| Expansion | 49 (23.6) | 12 (17.7) | 29 (25.7) | 4 (17.4) | ||
| Replacement | 20 (9.6) | 9 (13.2) | 10 (8.9) | 5 (21.7) | ||
| Baseline median age (IQR) | 77 (73–82) | 78 (73–84) | 0.68 | 77 (73–81) | 78 (73–85) | 0.49 |
| Median years between baseline and death (IQR) | 13 (9–16) | 10 (6–14) | 0.07 | 13 (10–17) | 12 (6–18) | 0.82 |
| Sex: | ||||||
| Male | 75 (36.1) | 28 (41.2) | 0.45 | 43 (38.1) | 7 (30.4) | 0.49 |
| Female | 133 (63.9) | 40 (58.8) | 70 (62.0) | 16 (69.6) | ||
| Median years of education (IQR) | 14 (12–16) | 16 (12–17) | 0.06 | 14 (12–16) | 16 (13–17) | 0.06 |
| College degree: | ||||||
| No | 141 (67.8) | 34 (50.0) | 0.01 | 81 (71.7) | 10 (43.5) | 0.01 |
| Yes | 67 (32.2) | 34 (50.0) | 32 (28.3) | 13 (56.5) | ||
| Race: | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 196 (94.2) | 63 (92.7) | 0.64 | 106 (93.8) | 21 (91.3) | 0.65 |
| white Non-white |
12 (5.8) | 5 (7.4) | 7 (6.2) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| Hypertension | 71 (34.5) | 25 (37.3) | 0.67 | 38 (33.6) | 10 (43.5) | 0.37 |
| Diabetes | 19 (9.1) | 6 (9.0) | 0.97 | 7 (6.2) | 1 (4.6) | 1.0 |
| Stroke | 4 (1.9) | 3 (4.4) | 0.26 | 2 (1.8) | 2 (8.7) | 0.13 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (9.2) | 6 (8.8) | 0.92 | 11 (9.8) | 2 (8.7) | 0.87 |
| Coronary heart disease | 32 (15.5) | 9 (13.2) | 0.66 | 17 (15.2) | 1 (4.4) | 0.31 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2 (1.0) | 2 (3.0) | 0.23 | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0.53 |
| Smoking: | ||||||
| Never | 113 (54.3) | 33 (48.5) | 0.70 | 57 (50.4) | 12 (52.2) | 0.79 |
| Past | 86 (41.4) | 32 (47.1) | 50 (44.3) | 11 (47.8) | ||
| Current | 9 (4.3) | 3 (4.4) | 6 (5.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <25 | 84 (41.0) | 23 (35.4) | 0.69 | 44 (39.6) | 9 (39.1) | 0.96 |
| 25–29.9 | 81 (39.5) | 27 (41.5) | 43 (38.7) | 10 (43.5) | ||
| 30+ | 40 (19.5) | 15 (23.1) | 24 (21.6) | 4 (17.4) | ||
| Median head circumference cm (IQR) | 56.2 (55.0–58.0) | 56.7 (55.2–58.4) | 0.12 | 56.2 (55.0–58.0) | 56.6 (55.8–58.2) | 0.33 |
| Regular exercise (≥15 min 3× week) | 151 (73.0) | 49 (72.1) | 0.89 | 81 (72.3) | 18 (78.3) | 0.56 |
| Number of difficult activities of daily living | ||||||
| 0 | 159 (76.8) | 51 (75.0) | 0.72 | 89 (78.8) | 18 (78.3) | 0.71 |
| 1 | 29 (14.0) | 12 (17.7) | 14 (12.4) | 4 (17.4) | ||
| 2+ | 19 (9.2) | 5 (7.4) | 10 (8.9) | 1 (4.4) | ||
| APOE ε4 allele | 79 (39.3) | 24 (35.8) | 0.61 | 49 (44.6) | 9 (39.1) | 0.63 |
*
People diagnosed with dementia before death, and a CERAD score of intermediate or frequent AND a BRAAK stage of III-VI
**
People diagnosed with dementia before death, and a CERAD score of frequent AND a BRAAK stage of V-VI
†
People with a CASI score ≥86 within 2 years of death and no dementia diagnosis, and a CERAD score of intermediate or frequent AND a BRAAK stage of III-VI
††
People with a CASI score ≥86 within 2 years of death and no dementia diagnosis, and a CERAD score of frequent AND a BRAAK stage of V-VI
‡
Percent calculated among people with non-missing covariate data.