Table 2. Moderator (subgroup) analyses of ideal cardiovascular health metrics by gender.

Ideal CVH metric	Gender	No. of studies		Heterogeneity			Meta-analysis			Test of moderators
			Population	P-valuea	I2	Model	Proportion	95% CI	P-value	QM	P-valueb
Smoking	F	33	710,944	<0.001	99.99%	Random	0.814	0.746, 0.881	<0.001	22.121	<0.001
	M	35	829,878	<0.001	99.94%	Random	0.601	0.543, 0.658	<0.001
Diet	F	32	684,598	<0.001	99.95%	Random	0.069	0.043, 0.101	<0.001	1.131	0.288
	M	34	811,803	<0.001	99.94%	Random	0.050	0.031, 0.074	<0.001
Physical activity	F	32	684,598	<0.001	99.98%	Random	0.382	0.294, 0.470	<0.001	1.319	0.251
	M	34	811,803	<0.001	99.97%	Random	0.451	0.374, 0.528	<0.001
Body mass index	F	33	710,944	<0.001	99.95%	Random	0.465	0.401, 0.530	<0.001	1.129	0.288
	M	34	827,301	<0.001	99.95%	Random	0.417	0.357, 0.478	<0.001
Blood pressure	F	33	710,944	<0.001	99.93%	Random	0.420	0.365, 0.474	<0.001	8.944	0.003
	M	35	829,878	<0.001	99.96%	Random	0.297	0.239, 0.356	<0.001
Total cholesterol	F	32	689,719	<0.001	99.96%	Random	0.569	0.502, 0.636	<0.001	0.054	0.817
	M	34	809,969	<0.001	99.95%	Random	0.580	0.519, 0.640	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose	F	33	710,944	<0.001	99.92%	Random	0.733	0.690, 0.776	<0.001	1.910	0.167
	M	35	829,878	<0.001	99.96%	Random	0.684	0.629, 0.739	<0.001
5, 6, and 7 metrics	F	27	648,071	<0.001	99.95%	Random	0.213	0.159, 0.272	<0.001	6.442	0.011
	M	29	837,000	<0.001	99.93%	Random	0.127	0.092, 0.166	<0.001
Ideal CVH (6 and 7)	F	21	620,728	<0.001	99.95%	Random	0.055	0.032, 0.083	<0.001	4.607	0.032
	M	23	754,906	<0.001	99.83%	Random	0.026	0.015, 0.039	<0.001

CVH = Cardiovascular health; F = Female; M = Male

^aTest for heterogeneity (Q)

^bTest of moderators (QM)