Table 2.

Sources discussing lessons from the COVID-19 disruption

Lessons	Symptom / Vulnerability	Sources
Over-reliance on cost-efficiency in supply chain design	The historical overreliance on cost-efficiency has made supply chains vulnerable to pandemic disruptions	DeAngelis (2020); El Baz and Ruel (2020); Haren and Simchi-Levi (2020); Garner (2020); Kilpatrick and Barter (2020); Lin and Lanng (2020); Seric et al. (2020); Shih (2020); Zhu et al. (2020)
Globalized supply chains	Globalized supply chain designs, including high dependence on China has made supply chains vulnerable to pandemic disruptions	El Baz and Ruel (2020); Cordon and Buatois (2020); Fonseca and Azevedo (2020); Handfield et al. (2020); Lin and Lanng (2020); Liuima (2020a, b); MarketLine (2020); OECD (2020); Seric et al. (2020); Van Hoek (2020); Zhu et al. (2020)
Lack of flexibility	Lack of supply chain flexibility in e.g. sourcing/supply and manufacturing has made supply chains vulnerable to pandemic disruptions	Cordon and Buatois (2020); Sharma et al. (2020a); Szakonyi (2020); Zhu et al. (2020)
Lack of visibility	Lack of visibility in the form of little knowledge of the status of operating assets and the environment has made supply chains vulnerable to pandemic disruptions	Baumgartner et al. (2020); Fonseca and Azevedo (2020); Haren and Simchi-Levi (2020); Johnson (2020a); Sharma et al. (2020a); Zhu et al. (2020)
Lack of preparedness for disruptions	The general lack of preparedness for supply chain disruptions, in general, has made the supply chain vulnerable to pandemic disruptions	Kilpatrick and Barter (2020); Lapide (2020); Rice (2020); Van Hoek (2020)
Inter-connectivity of supply chains	The interconnectivity between supply chains disruptions occurring from sources outside the immediate supply chain has made the supply chain vulnerable to pandemic disruptions	Ivanov and Das (2020); Ivanov and Dolgui 2020; Kilpatrick and Barter (2020)