Table 3.

Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) for Periodontitis According to Orthodontic Treatment^a

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Orthodontic treatment	0.553 (0.414–0.74)	0.614 (0.452–0.836)	0.624 (0.455–0.854)
	P < .0001	P < .0001	P < .0001

^aModel 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, income, education, alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, body mass index, and white blood cell counts. Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, income, education, alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, body mass index, white blood cell counts, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and daily frequency of tooth brushing.