Table 2.

Estimated effects of the intervention by arms and the incremental effect of incentive^a (N = 240)

Source: Author calculations using the data collected from the study

	Study arms		Incremental effect of incentive
	UC+	Incentive	Estimate	[95% CI]
Primary outcome
Mean change in HbA1c at month 6	− 0.73	− 1.04	− 0.31	[− 0.67 to 0.06]
Secondary outcomes
Mean no. of glucose readings within acceptable range (out of 3 tests) during the last week of intervention	0.16	0.48	0.32	[0.07 to 0.57]
Mean no. of glucose readings (out of 3 tests) during the last week of intervention	0.73	1.12	0.40	[0.04 to 0.76]
Mean no. of medication adherent days during the last week of intervention	0.97	1.69	0.72	[0.05 to 1.38]
Mean no. of physically active days during the last week of intervention	1.24	2.35	1.12	[0.38 to 1.86]
Exploratory outcomes
Proportion of participants who titrated up their oral medication during the intervention	0.35	0.39	0.04	[− 0.1 to 0.18]
Proportion of participants who switched to insulin treatment during the intervention	0.09	0.05	− 0.04	[− 0.12 to 0.04]
Mean change in EQ-5D-5L at month 6	0.01	0.01	0.002	[− 0.03 to 0.04]
Mean change in overall BIPQ score at month 6	− 1.59	− 1.91	− 0.32	[− 3.02 to 2.38]
Mean change in BIPQ Treatment Control score at month 6	− 0.31	0.31	0.62	[− 0.02 to 1.26]
Mean change in SMBG score at month 6	0.49	0.50	0.01	[− 0.12 to 0.13]
Mean change in BMQ Specific score at month 6	− 0.35	0.33	0.68	[− 0.59 to 1.94]
Additional outcomes
Proportion of participants who had improvement in HbA1c at month 6	0.64	0.81	0.18	[0.04 to 0.31]

BIPQ Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BMQ Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire, CI confidence interval, EQ-5D-5L European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions–5 Levels, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, SMBQ Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose, UC + usual care plus

^aCalculated as the difference in change from baseline at month 6 between intervention and control groups