Table 1.
Overall sample descriptive statistics (n = 90)
| Variable | Mean (SD) or count (%) |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age | 66.74 (9.22) |
| Education, years | 9.66 (4.09) |
| Sex, male | 53 (58.90%) |
| Clinical features | |
| Age at onset | 61.63 (9.72) |
| Disease duration, years | 5.25 (2.92) |
| UPDRS-III | 27.33 (9.57) |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2.00 (0.37) |
| LEDD total (mg/day) | 516.82 (233.37) |
| LEDDDA (mg/day) | 71.23 (106.27) |
| LEDDL-DOPA (mg/day) | 386.16 (259.29) |
| Behavioural measures | |
| Fatigue Severity Scale | 3.47 (1.88) |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 8.91 (7.45) |
| Parkinson Anxiety Scale | 11.92 (9.26) |
| Apathy Evaluation Scale | 31.74 (7.55) |
| Parkinson’s disease sleep scale | 114.95 (22.23) |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 5.77 (4.19) |
| Cognitive assessment | |
| MoCA total | |
| Raw score | 20.02 (4.87) |
| Adjusted scorea | 22.46 (4.31) |
| Adjusted Z scorea | 0.18 (1.42) |
| MoCA adjusted subscoresa | |
| Memory | 1.29 (1.47) |
| Visuospatial abilities | 0.68 (1.40) |
| Executive functions | 0.78 (1.77) |
| Attention, and WM | 5.01 (1.03) |
| Language | 3.22 (1.52) |
| Orientation | 5.76 (0.57) |
| PD-CFRS | |
| Raw | 2.42 (3.01) |
| Z score | − 0.68 (2.32) |
| MoCA (Z score) minus PD-CFRS (Z score) | − 0.64 (2.30) |
SD standard deviation, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, WM working memory, PD-CFRS Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Functional Rating Scale
aAdjusted according to age, education, or sex