Table 4.
Simple and multiple linear regression analyses assessing which demographics, clinical, and behavioural features were associated with the discrepancy between objective and subjective cognitive functioning (MoCA Z scores minus PD-CFRS Z scores) in overall sample; 95% bias corrected and accelerated confidence intervals [95% CI] (1000 bootstrap samples) for the linear regression coefficients were reported in parentheses
| Variable | Estimate [CI 95%] | SE | Bias | β | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple regression | |||||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age | 0.02 [− 0.03, 0.07] | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.468 |
| Education, years | − 0.09 [− 0.18, 0.04] | 0.05 | 0.00 | − 0.14 | 0.186 |
| Sexa | − 0.23 [− 1.26, 0.74] | 0.52 | − 0.00 | − 0.04 | 0.674 |
| Clinical features | |||||
| Age at onset | 0.03 [− 0.02, 0.09] | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.236 |
| Disease duration, years | − 0.15 [− 0.32, 0.08] | 0.10 | 0.01 | − 0.17 | 0.096 |
| UPDRS-III | 0.00 [− 0.04, 0.04] | 0.02 | 0.00 | − 0.02 | 0.799 |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 0.26 [− 0.80, 1.33] | 0.53 | − 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.721 |
| LEDD total (mg/day) | − 0.00 [− 0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 | 0.00 | − 0.07 | 0.505 |
| LEDDDA (mg/day) | − 0.00 [− 0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 | 0.00 | − 0.08 | 0.422 |
| LEDDL-DOPA (mg/day) | 0.00 [− 0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 | 0.00 | − 0.04 | 0.714 |
| Behavioural measures | |||||
| Fatigue Severity Scale | 0.69 [0.39, 0.99] | 0.15 | − 0.00 | 0.51 | < 0.001 |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 0.18 [0.10, 0.25] | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.53 | < 0.001 |
| Parkinson Anxiety Scale | 0.11 [0.05, 0.16] | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.40 | < 0.001 |
| Apathy Evaluation Scale | 0.09 [0.03, 0.16] | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.010 |
| Parkinson’s disease sleep scale | − 0.01 [− 0.04, 0.00] | 0.01 | 0.00 | − 0.15 | 0.171 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 0.15 [0.01, 0.34] | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.015 |
| Multiple regressionb | |||||
| Fatigue Severity Scale | 0.42 [0.09, 0.82] | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.31 | 0.007 |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 0.13 [0.03, 0.23] | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.004 |
| Parkinson Anxiety Scale | 0.00 [− 0.05, 0.06] | 0.02 | − 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.823 |
| Apathy Evaluation Scale | − 0.01 [− 0.07, 0.04] | 0.03 | 0.00 | − 0.05 | 0.575 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 0.00 [− 0.10, 0.11] | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.929 |
Statistically significant variables are shown in bold
aCoded as: 0 = male, 1 = female
bModel (F test) = 10.89, p value < 0.001, R2 = 0.42
SE standard error, CI confidence interval, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose