Table 1.

Description of the study cohort

		Patients with
	Healthy subjects	Vestibular disorders	Cerebellar disorders	Functional disorders	Hypokinetic disorders	Vascular disorders	Others	All	ANOVA
Demographical characteristics									F(6; 365)		p
n (f/m)	63 (31/32)	88 (39/49)	93(35/58)	50 (29/21)	22 (12/10)	55 (35/20)	25 (12/13)	396	–		–
Mean age ± SD [y]	49 ± 14	58 ± 18	57 ± 18	46 ± 18	67 ± 16*	53 ± 17	51 ± 19	53 ± 18	2.1		0.043
Diagnoses		48 BVP 40 UVP	14 SCA 11 FRDA 11 EA2 18 DBN 36 SAOA 1 ARAC 1 ACM 1 post stroke	34 PPPD 16 FGD	8 IPS 4 MSA 10 PSP	51 CADASIL 4 SAE	5 BPPV 1 ED 1 EC 2 HSP 1 Liquor leakage 3 NPc 1 stroke 11 VM
Clinical Performance Scales
Median FGA ± SD [points]	29 ± 3	24 ± 5*	21 ± 6*	27 ± 4	17 ± 4*	26 ± 4	26 ± 4	25 ± 5	23.9		< 0.001
Mean TUG ± SD [sec]	8.8 ± 3.2	9.1 ± 2.3	11.2 ± 7.1	9.0 ± 2.0	13.7 ± 7.5	9.3 ± 2.6	9.9 ± 3.5	9.9 ± 6.5	2.0		n.s
Median MOCA ± SD [points]	29 ± 3	26 ± 4	24 ± 6*	26 ± 3	24 ± 8*	24 ± 4*	29 ± 15	26 ± 9	2.9		0.008
Subjective symptom scales
Mean ABC-d ± SD [%]	95 ± 9	70 ± 23*	63 ± 22*	79 ± 21*	48 ± 28*	84 ± 21*	81 ± 25*	76 ± 24	22.2		< 0.001
Median FES-I ± SD [points]	17 ± 2	24 ± 9*	31 ± 13*	25 ± 8*	42 ± 19*	21 ± 7*	31 ± 13*	26 ± 12	19.1		< 0.001
Mean of SF-12 ± SD [points] physical domain	54 ± 6	40 ± 9*	38 ± 8*	38 ± 10*	33 ± 11*	47 ± 10*	40 ± 11*	43 ± 11	26.6		< 0.001
Mean of SF-12 ± SD [points] psychological domain	52 ± 9	48 ± 12	48 ± 11	44 ± 12*	38 ± 13*	47 ± 12	47 ± 10	47 ± 11	4.5		< 0.001
Retrospective falls epidemiology									df	${\chi }^2$	p
No falls [%]	90	58	34	81	14	74	46	60	12	104.5	< 0.001
Occasional fall [%]	7	23	23	15	9	11	27	17
Frequent falls [%]	3	18	43	4	76	15	27	23
Retrospective falls severity
Hopkins grade I [%]	45	47	24	58	10	34	29	36	24	154.5	< 0.001
II [%]	27	27	49	29	35	53	58	40
III [%]	27	13	15	11	20	0	0	12
IV [%]	0	12	12	0	35	11	11	12

Sociodemographic, clinical information, and retrospective fall events (within 6 months) of the enrolled participants. Inter-subgroup differences are analyzed by ANOVA models with Sheffé post hoc comparisons (for sociodemographic and clinical data) and by ${\chi }^2$ procedures (fall data)

*Significant difference in the Sheffé post hoc comparison (compared to healthy subjects)

f female, m male, FGA functional gait assessment, FES-I falls efficacy scale-international, TUG timed-up-and-go test, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SF-12 short form 12, BVP bilateral vestibular failure, UVP unilateral vestibular failure, SCA spinocerebellar ataxia, FRDA Friedreich ataxia, EA2 episodic ataxia type 2, DBN downbeat nystagmus syndrome, SAOA sporadic adult onset ataxia, ARAC autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, ACM tumor cerebellar, PPPD Persistent Phobic Postural Dizziness, FGD anxious functional gait disorder, CADASIL Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy, SAE subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, BPPV benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, ED encephalomyelitis disseminate, HSP hereditary spastic paraplegia, NPc Niemann Pick Disease Type c, VM vestibular migraine