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. 2021 Aug 11;11:16313. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95659-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic view of the experimental design for polysomnographic recording. (a) Experimental flow chart of the animal model. The probiotic intervention was performed 10 days after electrode implantation and proceeded for 14 days. The cage change procedure was performed before polysomnographic recording on day 14 and repeated before sacrifice on day 15. (b) Experimental flow chart of polysomnographic recording on day 14. Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 was defined as 0900 h when the light was turned on. (c) Representative polysomnographs. Continuous analysis of representative data recorded at ZT 0–8 from tail-handled control (TH-Veh), cage change control (CC-Veh), and cage change PS150-treated (CC-PS150) groups are shown.