Table 4.

Results of the polygenic score prediction of birth weight, BMI, prenatal maternal smoking, and current and former smoking.

Trait	Group	βPGS	SEPGS	PPGS	PGS R2 (%)
Birth weight	Adults (N = 2,040)	0.123	0.024	1.56 × 10−07*	1.520
	Children (N = 1,070)	0.118	0.030	9.67 × 10−05*	1.387
BMI	Adults (N = 2,410)	0.259	0.022	3.43 × 10−32*	6.725
	Children (N = 1,072)	0.173	0.041	2.20 × 10−05*	3.003
Prenatal maternal smoking	Adults (N = 720)	0.259	0.132	0.049	1.797
	Children (N = 547)	0.282	0.165	0.086	1.622
Smoking current vs. never	Adults (N = 1,914)	0.330	0.056	2.24 × 10−07*	2.794
Smoking former vs. never	Adults (N = 1,938)	0.197	0.058	0.001	0.909

β is the regression coefficient for each polygenic score (PGS) with standard error (SE) and p-value (P). PGS R² is the phenotypic variance explained by the PGS.

PGS to predict current vs. never smoking and former vs. never smoking were created based on GWAS on smoking initiation (17).

^*indicates p < 0.0012 in adults and <0.0016 in children.