Table IV.
Type of treatment for the included patients
| Study | Medical to interventional treatment as first line treatment | HCQ | Antibiotics | Antiviral treatment | Heparin or LMWH | Other medication | Thrombectomy or Embolectomy | Other intervention | Reoperation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Veerasuri et al9 | 1/0 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | Rivaroxaban | 0 | None | 0 |
| Kaur et al10 | 1/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | NR | 1/1 | NR | 0 | None | 0 |
| Brugliera et al11 | 2/1 | 3/3 | 2/3 | 1/3 | 3/3 | Iloprost (n = 1) ASA (n = 2) |
1 | None | 0 |
| Hanif et al12 | 0/1 | 0 | 1/1 | 0 | 1/1 | NR | 1 | None | 0 |
| Hasan et al13 | 1/0 | 0 | 1/1 | 0 | 1/1 | Rivaroxaban post discharge | 0 | None | 0 |
| Gubitosa et al14 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1/1 | FDPX | 1 | Fasciotomy | 0 |
| Anwar et al15 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0 | 1/1 | CTDS, ASA | 0 | Angioplasty | 0 |
| Singh et al16 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0 | 1/1 | NR | 1 | None | 0 |
| Wang et al17 | 2/0 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | Argatroban | 0 | None | 0 |
| Goldman et al18 | 9/7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6 | None | 0 |
| Sánchez et al19 | 2/28 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 23 | Fasciotomy (n = 6) | 2 |
| Galanis et al20 | 1/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0 | 1/1 | FDPX | 1 | None | 0 |
| Bozzani et al21 | 0/6 | NR | NR | NR | 6/6 | ASA (3/6) ASA + clopidogrel (3/6) |
6 | PTA (n = 2) PTA + stenting (n = 1) |
1 |
| Mietto et al22 | 0/1 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | Prostacyclin | 1 | Thrombolysis, fasciotomy | 1 |
| Baccellieri et al23 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | NR | 1/1 | NR | 1 | Thrombectomy at right upper limb | 0 |
| Shao et al24 | 0/1 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | NR | 1 | Thrombolysis, fasciotomy | 0 |
| Etkin et al25 | 31/11 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9 | Endovascular thrombosuction (n = 2) | NR |
| Muhammad et al26 | 0/1 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | ASA 75 mg Dabigatran 150 mg bid |
0 | Thrombolysis | 0 |
| Heald et al27 | 1/0 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | NR | 0 | None | 0 |
| Bellosta et al28 | 3/17 | NR | NR | NR | 20/20 | NR | 15 | Below the knee fem-pop bypass (n = 2) Additional thrombolysis (n = 2) Kissing stents (n = 2) Femoral endarterectomy (n = 1) Below the knee angioplasty (n = 1) |
2 |
| Kaur et al29 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | NR | 1/1 | NR | 1 | Endarterectomy of the right arm | 0 |
| Kahlberg et al30 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Schultz et al31 | 2/0 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | Nitroglycerin (n = 2) Apixaban (n = 1) |
0 | None | 0 |
| Vacirca et al32 | 0/1 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | NR | 1 | Thrombolysis | 0 |
| Fan et al33 | 0/1 | NR | NR | 1/1 | 1/1 | ASA | 1 | Aortic stent graft placement | 0 |
| Perini et al34 | 1/1 | NR | NR | NR | 1/1 | NR | 1 | None | 1 |
| Kashi et al35 | 4/1 | NR | NR | NR | 2/5 | Apixaban (n = 1) ASA (n = 2) |
1 | None | NR |
| Baeza et al36 | 0/3 | 3/3 | 3/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | Acenocoumarol (n = 1) | 2 | Aortobifemoral bypass (n = 1) | 0 |
| Garg et al37 | 2/1 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 3/3 | – | 1 | NR | NR |
| Thompson et al38 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1/1 | – | 1 | None | 0 |
| Levolger et al39 | 2/0 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 2/2 | Rivaroxaban (n = 1) Apixaban (n = 1) |
1 | Thrombolysis | 0 |
| Wengerter et al40 | 0/3 | NR | NR | NR | 3/3 | NR | 3 | None | NR |
| Chowdhury et al41 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0 | 1/1 | Prednisolone | 1 | None | 0 |
| Liu et al42 | 1/0 | NR | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | NR | 0 | None | 0 |
| Total (n/total n) | 66/158 (1 study NR) | 17/24 (18 studies NR) | 18/24 (18 studies NR) | 8/23 (19 studies NR) | 65/65 (4 studies NR) | ASA (n = 13) Clopidogrel (n = 3) Apixaban (n = 3) Dabigatran (n = 1) Argatroban (n = 1) Rivaroxaban (n = 3) CTDS (n = 2) FDPX (n = 1) Acenocoumarol (n = 1) Prostaglandins (n = 2) Nitroglycerine (n = 2) (15 studies NR) |
N = 81 (1 study NR) | Thrombolysis (n = 7) PTA/stenting (n = 5) Endarterectomy (n = 2) Fasciotomy (n = 9) Bypass (n = 3) Thrombectomy at other site (n = 1) Thrombosuction Stent graft placement (n = 1) |
n = 7 (5 studies NR) |
ASA, Acetylsalicylic acid; bid, 2 times per day; CTDS, corticosteroids; FDPX, fondaparinux; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; NR, not reported; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.