Table 3.
Linear fixed effects regression results predicting PHQ-4 score as a function of the interaction of lockdown policies and using substances (consuming alcohol, using cannabis products, and using recreational drugs) among 7,597 respondents, over 16 survey waves, March 10-November 11, 2020.
| Covariatesa | Coefficient | 95% CIb |
|---|---|---|
| Model A - Alcohol | ||
| Lockdown Policy*Consuming Alcohol | ||
| During | −0.078** | (−0.150, −0.006) |
| Lockdown Policy (at Consuming Alcohol = 0) | ||
| During | 1.748** | (0.185,3.311) |
| Consuming Alcohol (at Lockdown Policy = 0) | 0.102*** | (0.031,0.173) |
| Household Income (reference: >100 k) | ||
| 50 k-100 k | 0.273**** | (0.150,0.397) |
| 25 k-50 k | 0.589**** | (0.373,0.805) |
| <25 k | 0.957**** | (0.759,1.155) |
| Employment Status (reference: Employed) | ||
| Unemployed | −0.028 | (−0.160,0.104) |
| Previous Mental Health Diagnosis (reference: None) | ||
| Diagnosis | 2.596**** | (2.340,2.853) |
| N | 7,597 | |
| Model B - Cannabis | ||
| Lockdown Policy*Using Cannabis | ||
| During | 0.047 | (−0.077,0.170) |
| Lockdown Policy (at Using Cannabis = 0) | ||
| During | 1.626** | (0.250,3.001) |
| Using Cannabis (at Lockdown Policy = 0) | 0.0795 | (−0.0408,0.200) |
| Household Income (reference: >100 k) | ||
| 50 k-100 k | 0.244**** | (0.127,0.361) |
| 25 k-50 k | 0.533**** | (0.310,0.755) |
| <25 k | 0.856**** | (0.657,1.055) |
| Employment Status (reference: Employed) | ||
| Unemployed | −0.020 | (−0.154,0.113) |
| Previous Mental Health Diagnosis (reference: None) | ||
| Diagnosis | 2.533**** | (2.282,2.784) |
| N | 7,597 | |
| Model C – Recreational Drugs | ||
| Lockdown Policy*Using Recreational Drugs | ||
| During | 0.197 | (−0.150,0.190) |
| Lockdown Policy (at Using Recreational Drugs = 0) | ||
| During | 1.609** | (0.175,3.042) |
| Using Recreational Drugs (at Lockdown Policy = 0) | 0.292*** | (0.132,0.452) |
| Household Income (reference: >100 k) | ||
| 50 k-100 k | 0.252**** | (0.130,0.373) |
| 25 k-50 k | 0.540**** | (0.319,0.760) |
| <25 k | 0.861**** | (0.663,1.060) |
| Employment Status (reference: Employed) | ||
| Unemployed | −0.019 | (−0.150,0.113) |
| Previous Mental Health Diagnosis (reference: None) | ||
| Diagnosis | 2.583**** | (2.329,2.836) |
| N | 7,597 | |
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.001.
a
Time-invariant individual and month fixed effects included but not shown.
b
Robust standard errors.