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. 2021 Jul 29;12:677041. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677041

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Copyright © 2021 Cho, Shin, Kwon, Kim, Seok, Kim and Min

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in the mRNA expression of VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and IL-10 in PBMCs in response to stimulation with LPS+CD40L+CpG-ODN (nonspecific) with or without 1,25(OH)₂D₃. In HCs and patients with MS or NMOSD, stimulation with 1,25(OH)₂D₃ increased the mRNA expression of CYP24A1 and decreased that of CYP27B1 over those observed in samples stimulated with LPS+CD40L+CpG-ODN alone. ^* p<0.05, ^** p<0.01, ^*** p<0.001. 1,25(OH)₂D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃; CD40L, CD40 ligand; CpG-ODN, cytosine phosphate guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides; HC, healthy control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MS, multiple sclerosis; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.