Figure 2.
Potential functions of tertiary lymphoid structures in the TME. As in canonical SLOs, TLSs may constitute a critical site where specific T and B cells can undergo terminal differentiation into effector cells. GC B cells can differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells in TLSs, and fully differentiated B cells and exert their antitumor effects. T cells can differentiate and expand, and they are activated as effector cells that exert cytotoxic effects. B cells and T cells in TLSs may interact with each other and play a synergistic role, which needs to be confirmed by more studies. Treg cells within TLSs could exert a negative influence on the capacity of TLSs to generate effector and memory lymphocytes.