TABLE 1.
Demographic data and neuropsychological evaluation of elderly group.
| Elderly | Young | Group comparison | ||
| N | 19 | 21 | ||
| Sex (M:F) | 8:11 | 12:9 | 0.342a | |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 71.47 ± 8.52 | 26.66 ± 3.30 | <0.001b | |
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| Neuropsychological assessment of Elderly Group | Mean | SD | Minimum–Maximum | Cut-off |
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| MMSE adjusted score (Measso et al., 1993) | 27.25 | 0.99 | 26.00–29.10 | ≥23.80 |
| FCSRT—IFR adjusted score (Frasson et al., 2011) | 29.30 | 3.49 | 22.00–34.40 | ≥19.60 |
| FCSRT—ITR (Frasson et al., 2011) | 35.95 | 0.23 | 35.00–36.00 | ≥35.00 |
| FCSRT—DFR adjusted score (Frasson et al., 2011) | 10.09 | 1.48 | 7.10–12.00 | ≥6.32 |
| FCSRT—DTR (Frasson et al., 2011) | 11.89 | 0.46 | 10.00–12.00 | ≥11.00 |
| FCSRT—CSI (Frasson et al., 2011) | 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.85–1.00 | ≥0.90 |
| Phonemic Fluency adjusted score (Novelli et al., 1986) | 38.58 | 9.11 | 23.20–57.00 | ≥17.00 |
| Semantic Fluency adjusted score (Novelli et al., 1986) | 41.33 | 7.80 | 27.90–58.30 | ≥25.00 |
| TMT A adjusted score (Giovagnoli et al., 1996) | 28.08 | 19.06 | 0–66.00 | ≤93.00 |
| TMT B adjusted score (Giovagnoli et al., 1996) | 43.60 | 41.02 | 0–145.90 | ≤282.00 |
| TMT B-A adjusted score (Giovagnoli et al., 1996) | 14.97 | 30.24 | 0–81.80 | ≤187.00 |
aChi-squared (χ2) test.
bIndependent samples Student’s t-test were performed to compare the two groups.
MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; FCRST-IFR, Immediate Free Recall; FCRST-ITR, Immediate Total Recall; FCRST-DFR, Delayed Free Recall; FCRST-DTR, Delayed Total Recall; FCRST-CSI, Cueing Sensitivity Index; TMT, Trail Making Test; TMT-A, Part A; TMT-B, Part B.