Table 2.
Characteristics of the Included Studiesa
| Lead Author (Year) | Study Type (LOE) | Definition of BDDH | Definition of Control Group | Participants, n | Age, y | Follow-up | Outcome Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nawabi (2016)18 | Cohort (3) | LCEA, 18°-25° | LCEA, >25° and ≤40°; age- and sex-matched | BDDH: 46 Control: 131 |
BDDH: 29.8 ± 9.4 Control: 29.6 ± 10.3 |
Unrevised: 31.3 ± 7.6 mo (23.1-67.3 mo) Revised: 21.6 ± 13.3 mo (4.7-40.6 mo) |
mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, iHOT-33 |
| Beck (2019)2 | Cohort (3) | LCEA, 20°-25° | LCEA, 25°-40°; matched 1:2 by age, sex, and BMI | BDDH: 112 Control: 224 |
BDDH: 33.6 ± 12.7 Control: 33.7 ± 12.6 |
Minimum 2 y | mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, iHOT-12, VAS, satisfaction |
| Evans (2017)6 | Therapeutic (4) | LCEA, between 20° and 25° | LCEA, ≥25°; match-paired on age <18 y, sex, femoroplasty, capsular plication, and labral treatment | BDDH: 21 Control: 21 |
BDDH: 15.7 (15.5-15.9) Control: 16.0 (15.9-16.2) |
BDDH: 28.6 mo (27.4-29.8 mo) Control: 27.2 mo (26.7-27.8 mo) |
mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, NAHS, VAS, satisfaction |
| Cvetanovich (2017)4 | Cohort (3) | LCEA, 18°-25° | LCEA, 25.1°-40° | BDDH: 36 Control: 312 |
BDDH: 31.5 ± 11.8 Control: 32.9 ± 12.0 |
2.6 ± 0.6 y | mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, VAS, satisfaction |
aMean values are reported as mean ± SD or mean (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. BDDH, borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip; BMI, body mass index; HOS-ADL, Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living; HOS-SSS, Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale; iHOT-12, 12-Item international Hip Outcome Tool; iHOT-33, 33-Item international Hip Outcome Tool; LCEA, lateral center-edge angle; LOE, level of evidence; mHHS, modified Harris Hip Score; NAHS, Nonarthritic Hip Score; VAS, visual analog scale for pain.