Table A3.

Characteristics of lithium versus placebo (PBO) add-on trials for major depressive episodes.

Study	ADs	Age (years)	Females (%)	Lithium dose	Duration (weeks)	Subjects (N)		Responders (%)		Response OR
						Lithium	Placebo	Lithium	Placebo
Lingjærde et al. (1974)	TCAs	49	78	0.8–1.3 mM	6	20	25	8 (40.0)	5 (20.0)	2.67
Heninger et al. (1983)	TCAs, MIA	51	80	900–1200 mg/day (0.5–1.1 mM)	2	8	17	5 (62.5)	9 (52.9)	1.48
Zusky et al. (1988)	TCAs, MAOIs	45	81	900 mg/day	2	8	8	3 (37.5)	2 (25.0)	1.80
Schöpf et al. (1989)	TCAs	54	70	600–800 mg/day (0.6–0.8 mM)	1	14	13	9 (64.3)	0 (0.00)	57.0
Browne et al. (1990)	TCAs	42	59	900 mg/day	2	15	15	4 (26.7)	3 (20.0)	1.45
Joffe et al. (1993)	TCAs	37	55	900 mg/day	2	17	16	9 (52.9)	3 (18.8)	4.88
Stein and Bernadt (1993)	TCAs	47	79	250 mg/day	3	16	34	7 (43.8)	7 (20.6)	3.00
Katona et al. (1995)	FLX, LFP	40	57	800 mg/day (0.6–1 mM)	6	29	32	15 (51.7)	10 (31.3)	2.36
Baumann et al. (1996)	CTP	41	71	800 mg/day (0.5–0.8 mM)	1	10	32	6 (60.0)	8 (25.0)	4.50
Bloch et al. (1997)	DMI	47	55	0.7–1.0 mM	5	16	15	9 (56.3)	10 (66.7)	1.50
Cappiello et al. (1998)	DMI	40	66	900 mg/day	4	14	15	4 (28.6)	0 (0.0)	13.3
Januel et al. (2003)	CMI	44	62	750 mg/day	2	74	75	42 (56.8)	34 (45.3)	1.58
Nierenberg et al. (2003)	NRT	38	46	900 mg/day	6	18	17	2 (11.1)	3 (17.6)	0.58
Saini et al. (2016)	IMI	37	23	0.6–0.8 mM	4	20	20	20 (100.0)	17 (85.0)	8.20
Totals/averages [95%CI]	–	43.7 [40.6–46.8	63.0 [53.8–72.2]	0.6–1.3 mM	3.29 [1.57–5.01]	279	364	143/279 (51.3%) [45.2–57.3]	111/364 (30.5%) [25.8–35.5]	2.23 [1.53–3.24]

OR was determined from random-effects meta-analysis. Of the 14 trials, three (21.4%) significantly favored Li over placebo independently.