Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, imaging and biological data according to outcomes at Day 21 after admission for COVID-19
| Survivors | Death | (p) | CMU | ICU + Death | (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 61 (75%) | n = 20 (25%) | n = 41 (50.6%) | n = 40 (49.4%) | |||
| Anthropometry | ||||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 65 (56–72) | 71 (67–78) | 0.02 | 66 (57–77) | 69 (59–73) | 0.99 |
| Male, n(%) | 44 (72) | 15 (75) | 0.8 | 27 (66) | 31 (77.5) | 0.32 |
| Weight (kg) | 79 (66–90) | 79 (69–89) | 0.73 | 76 (65–90) | 79 (69–89) | 0.46 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (24–31) | 28 (25–31) | 0.32 | 25.7 (22–31) | 27.3 (25–31) | 0.19 |
| Cardiometabolic risk profile | ||||||
| Glycemia, mmol/l | 8.4 (6.9–10.8) | 10.6 (8.9–13.2) | 0.03 | 8.2 (6.8–10.3) | 9.9 (7.3–13.1) | 0.03 |
| Active smoking, n(%) | 6 (9.8) | 1 (6.7) | 0.69 | 4 (9.7) | 3 (7.5) | 0.83 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 42 (68.8) | 19 (95) | 0.02 | 30 (73.1) | 31 (77.5) | 0.65 |
| Dyslipidemia, n(%) | 24 (55.7) | 17 (85) | 0.02 | 21 (51.2) | 30 (75) | 0.03 |
| Insulin therapy, n(%) | 24 (39.3) | 9 (45) | 0.65 | 17 (41.5) | 16 (40) | 0.89 |
| Quantitative Imaging biomarkers | ||||||
| Cardiac adipose tissue (mL) | 216 (138–280) | 259 (215–337) | 0.007 | 183 (126–265) | 248 (200–340) | 0.005 |
| Cardiac adipose tissue (mL/m2) | 112 (72–150) | 148 (121–178) | 0.006 | 106 (72–144) | 138 (104–171) | 0.01 |
| Lung CT scan severity score | 0.22 | 0.08 | ||||
| Minimal (10%) | 8 (12) | 5 (25) | 7 (17) | 6 (15) | ||
| Moderate (10–25%) | 18 (29) | 4 (20) | 15 (37) | 7 (17) | ||
| Extensive (25–50%) | 24 (40) | 10 (50) | 16 (39) | 17 (43) | ||
| Severe (> 50%) | 11 (19) | 1 (5) | 3 (7) | 10 (25) | ||
| Inflammatory markers | ||||||
| Interleukin 6 (pg/mL) | 25 (10–41) | 56.3 (50.8–98.2) | < 0.001 | 24.3 (8.5–42) | 49 (25–56) | 0.002 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 87 (38–137) | 67 (36–157) | 0.87 | 84.5 (37–120) | 89 (41–168) | 0.46 |
| Procalcitonin (μg/L) | 0.16 (0.09–0.26) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.04 | 0.15 (0.1–0.32) | 0.2 (0.1–0.35) | 0.09 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 6.5 (5.7–7.5) | 6.6 (5.3–7.7) | 0.94 | 6.4 (5–7) | 6.7 (5.6–7.7) | 0.29 |
| Leukocytes (× 109/L) | 6.4 (5–7.9) | 8.3 (6.1–8.9) | 0.02 | 6.3 (5–8) | 7.7 (5.6–9) | 0.06 |
| Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.94 (0.7–1.3) | 0.11 | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.94 (0.7–1.3) | 0.04 |
| Other biomarkers | ||||||
| D-dimers (ng/mL) | 825 (545–1775) | 1405 (680–2430) | 0.10 | 715 (477–1513) | 1340 (718–2310) | 0.009 |
| T-Troponin (ng/L) | 13.4 (9.4–34.2) | 45.2 (29.1–89.5) | 0.001 | 14 (9–32) | 33 (12–51) | 0.007 |
| Platelets (× 109/L) | 220 (166–291) | 201 (161–219) | 0.06 | 220 (164–293) | 205 (177–269) | 0.4 |
| AST (UI/L) | 59 (29–67) | 52 (37–79) | 0.53 | 43 (28–67) | 49 (34–80) | 0.48 |
| ALT (UI/L) | 35 (22–62) | 31 (20–38) | 0.19 | 31 (20–59) | 35 (20–55) | 0.82 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 72 (49–98) | 69 (47–77) | 0.22 | 72 (49–101) | 71.5 (47–88) | 0.60 |
CMU conventional medical care unit, ICU intensive care unit. Data are represented as median (interquartile range) and frequency (percent) as appropriate. Median and frequency differences were tested using Mann–Whitney and chi2 tests, respectively