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. 2021 Jul 29;11:686142. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686142

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Copyright © 2021 Adrian, Konradsson, Beyer, Wittrup, Butterworth, McMahon, Ghita, Petersson and Ceberg

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Evaluation of radiation-induced DNA-double strand break foci using 53BP1. (A) Representative microscopy image showing (left to right) 53BP1, DAPI, merged image, and the resulting analyzed image after processing in ImageJ. (B–D) Number of 53BP1 foci at 2 h and 24 h after 3 Gy irradiation with FLASH (blue) or conventional dose rate (CONV, red) compared with controls (grey) for LU-HNSCC4 (B; 1,532 scored cells), MDA-MB-231 (C; 2,583 scored cells), and HeLa_subclone (D; 2,973 scored cells). The box and whisker plots illustrate median (thick line), interquartile range (box) and the lowest/highest observation within ±1.5* interquartile range (IQR) from the box (whiskers). The individually scored cells are indicated with transparent circles. Data from two independent experiments.