Figure 2. Association Between Depression Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) and Self-reported Diagnosis of Physical Comorbidities in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Results from estimating comorbid physical disorders in patients with MDD in the Australian Genetics of Depression Study. Full indicates the total sample for each discovery genome-wide association study (GWAS). When sample sizes are equal, the lifetime MDD PRS was a better estimator of comorbid migraine (A) and chronic fatigue syndrome (B) and had the largest effect size for chronic pain (C). DepAll indicates self-report of seeing a general practitioner for nerves, anxiety, tension, or worry and at least 2 weeks of depression or anhedonia in the UK Biobank (21 777 cases and 58 396 controls); GPPsy, self-report of seeing a general practitioner for nerves, anxiety/tension, worry in the UK Biobank (113 262 cases and 219.360 controls); ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition code for depression from linked electronic health records in UK Biobank (9176 cases, 203 235 controls); Lifetime MDD, patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for MDD in the UK Biobank and controls that screened negative for MDD (16 301 patients and 50 870 controls); PGC29, meta-analysis of cohorts from PGC-MDD study with clinical diagnoses from interviews or from clinicians (14 833 cases and 23 921 controls); PGC 2019, largest published GWAS of depression published to date (includes 246 819 clinically defined and minimally phenotyped patients and 561 485 controls); PsyPsy, self-report of seeing a psychiatrist for nerves, anxiety, tension, or worry in the UK Biobank (36 286 patients, 297 126 controls); SelfRepDep, self-report of history of depression in interview with trained nurses in the UK Biobank (19 805 cases, 234 114 controls), and UKB Broad, self-report of seeing a general practitioner or psychiatrist in the UK Biobank (113 769 cases, 208 811 controls).