Table 1.

Coaching tailored by stage of proximity

Stage	Fellow	Individualized coaching*	Coach
I	Scientists with proven research productivity, defined as lead authorship in peer-reviewed publications and experience in grant submissions	Submission and attainment of R-type grants	An established independent investigator with recent NIH- RO1 funding and a strong publication record
II	Scientists with moderate lead authorship in peer-reviewed publications and experience in the submission of pilot projects	Submission of first, second, or corresponding author manuscripts in a defined NIH research area to enhance a competitive R-type grant application	A senior investigator with mentoring experience, portfolio of funded R-type grants, and strong publication record
III	Scientists who have been supporting authors without having led a publication as first or second author and no experience in grant submissions	Submission of first, second, or corresponding author manuscripts to enhance a competitive pilot project application	A senior investigator with mentorship experience in writing manuscripts and a strong publication record

^*Attainment of research leadership skills by the fellow across Stages I–III.