FIGURE 3.

Vd424Y induces plant defence responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Relative expression of hypersensitive‐response‐specific and defence‐related marker genes in N. benthamiana infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying Vd424Y, Vd424N, and Vd424Y‐nls. At 3 days postinfiltration (dpi), total RNA was extracted and transcript levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. NbActin was used as the internal reference gene. The data shown represents the mean across three independent experiments. Bars indicate ± SE. Significance levels p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 are represented by * and **, respectively