FIGURE 3.

Activation of the small GTPase Rap2‐JNK pathway in 3xTg‐AD mice. A and B, Cortical lysates from 2.5‐month‐old wild‐type (WT) and 3xTg‐AD (TG) mice were incubated with RalGDS‐RBD agarose beads, followed by immunoblotting for Rap2 (A) or Rap1 (B), respectively. C and D, Quantification of active Rap2 (C) and active Rap1 (D) levels normalised to total Rap2 and Rap1 respectively (n = 9; 6 males, 3 females). E and F, Cortical lysates from 2.5‐month‐old wild‐type (WT) and 3xTg‐AD (TG) mice were collected and subjected to western blotting for activation (phosphorylation) of JNK (E) and p38 (F). G and H, Quantification of pJNK (G, n = 6; 5 males, 1 female) and p‐p38 (H, n = 6; 5 males, 1 female) levels normalised to total expression. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; two‐tailed unpaired Student's t‐test