TABLE 5.

Sub‐Saharan African studies of patients' knowledge about anticoagulation

Study	Setting, sample	Knowledge measure	Outcome
Dwamena121	Accra, Ghana, 2012 Systematic sample of outpatients at anticoagulation clinic of a teaching hospital	Own tool, adapted from Taylor,123 pass rate set at 70%	112/175 (64%) passed Better knowledge was associated with better INR control
Assefa82	Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2014 Outpatients on warfarin at a teaching hospital	Own tool, adapted from AKA,124 pass rate set at 75%	18/130 (14%) passed Mean score was 59% Association between knowledge and INR control not reported
Mariita10	Nairobi, Kenya, 2016 Consecutive sample at cardiac, cardiothoracic and haemato‐oncology clinics of a teaching hospital	Own tool, adapted from OAK,125 pass rate set at 75%	15/147 (10%) passed Mean score was 57% Knowledge was not associated with INR control
Iqbal118	Nairobi, Kenya, 2017 Convenience sample at cardiac, cardiothoracic, haemato‐oncology and DVT clinics of a teaching hospital	Own tool, adapted from OAK,125 “satisfactory knowledge” set at >70%	12/45 (27%) had satisfactory knowledge pre‐intervention Association between knowledge and INR control not reported
Hutheram126	Gauteng, South Africa, 2016 Convenience sample at 10 private sector INR clinics attached to a private pathology company	Own tool, adapted from OAK,125 pass rate set at 50%	31/34 (91%) passed Association between knowledge and INR control not reported
Samadoulougou127	Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2014 Convenience sample of patients in the cardiology clinic of a university hospital	Own tool, adapted from Janoly‐Duménil128	Participants scored low in questions relating to their ability to anticipate and make decisions in risky situations Association between knowledge and INR control not reported
Maramba32	Harare, Zimbabwe, 2018 Convenience sample of outpatients with thrombophilia on long‐term warfarin	Not clear	29/47 (62%) were not aware of the need for regular check‐ups Association between knowledge and INR control not reported
Gregersen122	Johannesburg, South Africa, 2006 Convenience sample of women of childbearing age with valvular heart disease who had at least one pregnancy while on warfarin	Own questionnaire	38/124 (31%) were not using contraception; misperceptions about “the contraceptive effect of warfarin” were not uncommon Knowledge about effects of warfarin on the foetus was often inaccurate and not specific or detailed Association between knowledge and INR control not reported

AKA, anticoagulation knowledge assessment; INR, international normalised ratio; OAK, oral anticoagulation knowledge test.