. 2021 Aug 9;9:e11930. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11930

Table 2. Effect of BPA alone or in combination with ASIV or A. spinosus saponin on the concentration of nitric oxide and the enzymatic activities of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase in the isolated brain regions.

*Parameters*	*Experimental Groups*
	Control	BPA	BPA+ASIV	BPA+ *A. spinosus* Saponin
NO *(μmol/mg protein)*
PFC	0.24 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.01^a	0.25 ± 0.01^b	0.26 ± 0.01^b
Hippocampus	0.29 ± 0.01	0.63 ± 0.06^a	0.34 ± 0.04^b	0.27 ± 0.03^b
Striatum	0.24 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.03^a	0.27 ± 0.01^b	0.28 ± 0.02^b
Glutaminase activity *(mM/min/mg protein)*
PFC	389 ± 35.85	285 ± 15.30^a	294 ± 24.42^a	335 ± 9.02
Hippocampus	259 ± 7.46	235 ± 7.36^a	313 ± 9.83^a^,^b	254 ± 5.82
Striatum	1227 ± 11.85	405 ± 24.24^a	1557 ± 124^a^,^b	1064 ± 8.92^b
Glutamine synthase activity *(mM/min/mg protein)*
PFC	22.08 ± 0.89	18.99 ± 1.16^a	21.28 ± 0.74	18.59 ± 0.64^a
Hippocampus	23.78 ± 0.98	17.71 ± 1.59^a	24.07 ± 0.74^b	23.53 ± 2.65^b
Striatum	37.65 ± 1.27	28.77 ± 1.45^a	33.09 ± 1.35	31.59 ± 2.81^a

Notes.

Values are expressed as means of 7 rats ± SE. Statistical significant test for comparison was done by ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukeys HSD multiple comparison test.

The mean values are significantly different in comparison with the control group at p ≤ 0.05.

The mean values are significantly different in comparison with the BPA-group at p ≤ 0.05.